Cat owners navigate serious illness with limited vet access

“My 17 year old cat with CKD is declining quickly. In consultation with our vet, we have not taken any strong measures like subQ fluids because it would stress her out too much without significantly prolonging her life. She has always hated vet exams and refused any kind of treatment. We use an in-home vet and contacted them yesterday, but a tech told me today that the vet is not available until next week. My cat has not pooped in over 48 hours, I think (not exactly sure when the last one was, bu”

“My 2yo female cat started begging for water for about a week and then we saw her pee in our bed. Got her in to the vet the same day she peed (4weeks ago) and she got diagnosed with Dry FIP. She is at the end of week 3 of her 12 week treatment. Her numbers are improving with every blood test but a big issue we're having is that she keeps peeing in our bed. We brought the issue to our vet and we did a urine test but because she drinks so much water, we were told its too diluted to determine if”

“my 15 year old cat has been diagnosed with heart failure 3 weeks ago. he didn't have symptoms we could've noticed and was diagnosed during ecg to get him approved for dental procedure. ecg showed congestive heart failure stage c. after that he was put on furosemide (10mg 3 times a day, then 6 mg 3 times a day, then 9 mg 2 times a day), spironolactone (12.5 mg twice a day) and clopidogrel (18.75 mg once a day). around a week ago i woke up to him vomiting little piles of undigested and unc”

“this is mostly venting but maybe if i find something useful ill actually try it. I have 2 cats now, the oldest is more than 13 years old i found as a kitten, took care of her practically since her birth but my life situation wasnt the best so i mishandled her to say the least, as a result she is naturally scared of everything, acts almost like a dog and is very anti social, she had a history with fatty liver which i took care of and no history of disease, and lower twitching at the base of her t”

“Hello vets , just want to say thank you in advance ! I have 2, est. 12wk old kittens that were found outside. they were around 4wks when i got them, INCREDIBLY underweight & had symptoms of URI. I took them to the vet, treated it with oral antibiotics & eye drops. it went away for about 2 weeks & came back with the same symptoms . Sneezy , runny nose , thick green discharge , eyes getting stuck shut & runny eyes. went back to the vet, got stronger eye drops & antibiotics , we”

“Took my 12 year old female cat to the vet today after rapid extreme weight loss. She has at least one large mass on one kidney, potentially both. Did and x ray and showed both kidneys look abnormal. The one mass was honestly huge, probably baseball sized almost. Kidney function number was >100. The vet said there’s likely nothing a specialist could do and I should make the rest of her time comfortable. If that is the case I will make peace with it, but I’ve never had a pet actually get sick a”

“* Species: Ancient being (cat) * Age: 15 or 1500, who knows (closer to 15) * Sex/Neuter status: Spayed * Breed: DSH/dumpster * Body weight : You got me - roughly 10 pounds, I believe? * History: Adopted in 2021, chronic stomatitis however she's had virtually no flares in the last two years, and has lost the last of her remaining two teeth (she was adopted with "none", then found to have two hiding - that's when the dx of chronic stomatitis came into play). She was seen by a den”

“Hi. My 12 year old cat was diagnosed with IBD about 2 years ago. We've been giving hydrolyzed dry food (royal canin) but now we need to switch it up to the total urinary diet because her urine ph is too low. 5.0 today 5.5 two months ago. Currently she's also eating Blue basics turkey and she was doing great, but last few days shes dealing with a glare up. Vet wants me to stick to dry hydrolyzed food only, but I think my cat needs wet food for moisture content. We've tried other wet h”

“1.5-year-old male cat suddenly lethargic and not eating — normal bloodwork/X-rays/temp Looking for some thoughts on what might be going on with my 1.5-year-old male cat, Noodle, and what I should be asking my vet about next. Yesterday he was completely normal. Then he suddenly became very lethargic, stopped eating and drinking, and mostly wanted to lie in his bed or hide under my bed. Initially I was told he had a fever, although I don’t know what the actual temperature was. At one point he urin”

“One of my cats is developing kidney issues at 4 years old as a female. I only feed her fancy feast pates, flaked fish, and occasionally their gravies, so this is a surprise. The only thing I can think of causing this is the high phosphorus content. I’m looking for ways to lessen it and add more hydration to her diet. She also has IBS, so It seems impossible to accommodate that and look for low phosphorus foods that she’ll actually eat. I want to buy broths for hydration, but I’m realizing bone b”

“Hi everyone, I adopted my 2 year old cat about 3.5 weeks ago. Sadly he has elevated kidney values which I found out about after I adopted him - it's likely congenital but we don't know for sure. Because of this, he has already been to a primary vet once, to the ER for fluid therapy overnight, and then for a recheck a week after (yesterday). I have noticed that in the last week he is grooming a lot more and itching and also biting off chunks of fur on his back and near his tail while groo”

“Adopted a cat from a relative who passed two years ago. Cat is at least 17 years old but likely older. Took her to the vet and found out she had early kidney failure and high blood pressure. We have her on blood pressure meds and renal food. She’s been well managed since. Yesterday came home around 4 to her bleeding from her chin as well as her jaw/ chin swollen and protruding forward. I had noticed she hadn’t been finishing her food that week, but that’s happened in the past when we were overfe”

“hello everyone i’m kinda at a loss these kittens have put me through the ringer with their care i’ve had them since they were orphaned at 5 days old. One is thriving very well the other has had pooping issues we started with miralax in the bottles and i was given an anti inflammatory cream to apply twice a day to his butt. Today at 1pm there was no swelling i checked now today at 5:30pm there is swelling near the left base of his tail above his butthole but very close to it. Emergency vet says k”

“My girlfriend recently adopted a 3-month-old stray kitten that showed up sick. Upon taking her to the vet, she was diagnosed with Giardia and hospitalized due to her health condition. She was discharged about 13 days ago, completed her full course of medication, and was only remaining on probiotics. She seemed completely recovered: high energy, normal behavior, and a strong appetite while eating exclusively wet food. However, 3 days ago, we began introducing dry food (Royal Canin Kitten). She at”

“Blood work shows her kidney level at 11. She has lost some weight but she's still moving around, eating a little. She still nuzzles up next to me and knows who i am. She does just stare and meow sometimes but it didnt seem like she's in pain. I'm having a very difficult time because she has been with me for 21 years. Should i get a second opinion or, based on her age & health follow through with euthanizing? It will break my heart but i dont want her to be in pain. Any advice? &#”

“Hi everyone! My cat was diagnosed with Stage 4 CKD on July 2nd. At her worst, her creatinine was 6.1, but after 4-5 days on IV fluids at the vet and a recheck two weeks later, it had risen to 6.8. She has been on medication ever since. She is only four years old (the adoption center found her in Romania so I’m not quite sure this information is accurate). Because I’m based in Europe, some of our specific meds might differ, but after reading advice online, I decided to try sub-Q fluids at home. A”

“This is my first post on reddit and i generally do not use it, so don’t shit on me😭 I’m 14 and i got maki in july, everything was fine and dandy until august 17th i came home from school and she wasn’t her usual self, she didn’t run up to me like usual she’s very active, cuddly, and loud. i noticed that her face (muzzle/nose) area was very clogged and had brown crust, her eyes were narrow and one of them slightly more closed then the other, i lifted her and she seemed very limp but was definite”

“Hello everyone! My 15 year old boy Charlie unfortunately has a number of health problems, which have been well-managed until the last month or so. He's had a great appetite but continues to lose weight. His internal med vet suspects that he has small cell lymphoma, and luckily that's a rather easy treatment and he has been responding positively. However, he is still losing weight. After taking a look at this stools (very loose, pale, greasy), she suspects that he also has EPI, so meals p”

“Hi everyone ! Fist of all, English is not my first language, sorry if I get the madical term wrong. I have a 8yo female cat that have been diagnosed with renal degeneration 4 years ago. At that time, they told us she used only 25% of one kidney and everything else was already dead. She had maybe 3 weeks to live with medication. And here we are, almost 4 years after. She got fed up with the medication 3 months ago and waited until we would have gone to bed to come back inside the house. So I told”

“Hi all, One of our cats will likely have a nephrectomy performed within the next few weeks and we’re trying to prepare in advance to make his recovery as comfortable as possible. Can anyone give us any general advice on what to expect (level of supervision he’ll need, how ambulatory cats typically are post op, etc) and what to stock up on to make him as comfy as possible? • ⁠Species: cat • ⁠Age: 14 • ⁠Sex/Neuter status: neutered • ⁠Breed: Russian Blue • ⁠Body weight: 10 lbs • ⁠History: small mas”

“Hello everyone, my 1.5 year old tabby has been acting really strange for the past two days. He’s normally very energetic, loves to eat and play, but recently he hasn’t been eating or drinking and has been laying by my bedroom door for hours without moving. When I try to stand him up, he immediately flops over, and he seems especially bothered when I touch his back left leg. He’s also avoiding his two siblings, which is very unlike him. He’s still using the litter box normally and I haven’t notic”

“Hi everyone. I have a 7 year old female cat who is FIV+ and was diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis last year as a result of overfeeding that I have since reduced. She is about 18lbs and refuses to play. Anyway, she sometimes has flare-ups that prompt her to throw up her food and white foam. Last week, she had a brief spell of that, including a hairball from her overgrooming, and her doctor prescribed Gabapentin and Ondansetron. Admittedly, I only gave her both pills once last week because she w”

“Our male cat is 18 years old, and recently started having diarrhea (about five days ago) and pooping right outside of the litter box. I'm worried him going into kidney failure. We don't have money to treat this and both me and my friend who take care of him agree that if he's is sick or dying, he's had a good long life and we will bring him to get euthanized. We're college students and just don't have the money to pay for medications for a cat. We've figured he's”

“My cat is 12, has CKD stage 2/3 (diagnosed in 2017) and last year got sick with pancreatitis too. His vet was happy to go ahead with dental work he needs after his latest bloods, the last invoice I can find was in march and his specfPL was 11, having been 9.1 in January. I haven’t got all the numbers but when he got sick last year, he was bordering on pancreatitis from blood tests and was confirmed with an ultrasound. They gave a quote for the full procedure including fluids throughout and appro”

“I have a 12 year old tuxedo cat. He was adopted at age 3. He’s been fairly healthy. About a year ago he got sick. Really sick and I was taking him everyday to the vet for subcutaneous fluids and antibiotics and other meds, if I hadn’t he would not have made it. He wouldn’t eat or drink. He finally got better. About 5 months ago he started projectile vomiting. Not after he ate. But hours later and it smelled awful. I have been to the vet so many times. He is still eating and drinking, plays norma”

“I just adopted a cat a month ago from a shelter They told me he was rescued from a market, were he was kept in a small cage with other cats and he was visibly injured. He had pneumonia and had one eye injured. So once he was stable enough for surgery, they removed his eye (he was neutered at the time to avoid a second surgery), but I'm not sure when any of this happened When I adopted him and took him to the vet, they told me he was 4 months old, we quarantine him and the last couple of days”

“My 13 year old female cat has always been somewhat spicy. About 10 years ago she got in a major brawl with one of my cats at the time and she attacked my face. The vet we saw at the time told us she was a lost cause and to put her down. There was no way I was going to do that. We learned to work around her spiciness and she had never attacked me or my husband again after that but there have been some small fights with cats over the years. I always thought maybe she had some sort of anxiety or ot”

“Our 13 year old MN DMH has had a tough 6 months. Several months ago, he started losing weight, not wanting to eat much, and having intermittent diarrhea. After lots of testing, he was diagnosed with IBD/lymphoma and started on a prescription hydrolyzed diet. He did okay on this diet, never loved it, but ate it fine. His weight stabilized and his symptoms seemed controlled. A few months after that, he was diagnosed with Stage 1-2 CKD and so they changed his diet to a prescription combination hydr”

“Hello Everyone, I’ll just jump right into it! Some previous history- We took her to the vet earlier this year for a similar problem(around february) which our vet diagnosed her with pancreatitis and subsequently prescribed antibiotics and she had since ceased peeing outside the box She is 15, weighs around 8.4 pounds, she’s just a normal domestic shorthair, and we live in the upper midwest (like minnesota, south dakota, north dakota area) I have a cat who was recently diagnosed with diabetes, sh”

“Hi my cat just turned 1 years old recently , has had reduced appitite after a vet trip on thursday to be weighed for flea treatment. He got super scared when he was in the car and started open mouth panting. Its only a 6min car ride to the vets but bc the heat was quite bad , i was worried he'd get a heat stroke or smth and the aircon in my car i feel didnt do enough. He was fine when he got to the vets/ got home. I gave him some wet treats mixed with water as soon as we got home to make sur”

“Hi! My 18 week old female kitten (not spayed) has been having liquid stool since Thursday. I thought the cause for this was a food change. I changed her wetfood brand on Wednesday to a higher quality brand and wasnt aware i should have done this gradually, until the diarrhea started. I called my vet on Friday, and he told me it should resolve on its own and to monitor for odd behavior. Her behavior is normal. Very playful and energetic, and her appetite is very good. She also doesn't seem to”

“My 11 year old cat has had the following symptoms: wheezing, congestion, hoarse meow, rattled purr. No eye crusties, no nose boogers or drainage. He still has an appetite and drinks water. I’d say the symptoms started about a week and a half ago. I took him to the Urgent Vet last Tuesday, and they diagnosed him with a URI. They gave him an IV of fluids, as well as an injection of Covenia. It is now Saturday. He still sounds the same. His temperament seems to be normal, and he’s still eating and”

“Hello all! I have a calico, she’s about six years old. This week she began showing some odd balance issues that got worse and worse, developed full body spasms, has some serious neurological issues the vet is not hopeful about, and is struggling to get around… and yet, through a dedicated team of family, we’ve banded together so that she’s getting her medicine, getting mixed water with wet food and even some bonus not-cat-food-but-moist stuff like a bit of tuna water mixed with wet food, or even”

“My one year old orange girl got three vaccines (rabies, FeLV, and FVRCP) yesterday around 4:30pm. Yesterday evening, she ate and played like normal. This morning I wake up to feed her and she’s not meowing my head off to hurry up. I found her in the spare room hiding. She’s showing no interest in food. Now she has curled up beside the bed and is trying to sleep. With it being Saturday my vet is closed. When should I call an emergency vet? submitted by /u/Alternative-Coach207 [link] &”

“My cat is 15 and in ~~ health. Kidney disease, thyroid disease, bland prescription food, felimazole, you all know the drill I’m sure. Been on the “skeletal goblin cat” trajectory for a while. Not a lot of motivation to eat unless it’s beef or chicken she steals from my plate. (Which makes her vomit.) She loves Churus, and keeps them down, but those aren’t all that caloric. Same with some of the gravy type meal toppers. So: 1) Does anybody make an (even prescription) dietary supplement that is in”

“Hey everyone, Really scared and looking for advice. I am a first time cat care taker. My 7-month-old female Indie kitten (Grey) had a sudden, terrible seizure earlier today. She started frothing at the mouth and pooped herself during the process (she was either using her litter box or tried to get out of it to ask for help before collapsing). We rushed her to the emergency vet right away. What the vet gave her at the clinic: Diazepam (0.2 ml IV): To stop the seizure. Tribivet (0.2 ml IV): B-comp”

“My male cat is 2 years old. About 2 weeks ago I noticed something was off with his ribcage — bumps on each side. I took him to the vet, and 2 days ago she diagnosed kidney cysts. His kidneys are swollen. She wanted to do a blood test to check for kidney failure, but I decided against it for now — I was too stressed and shocked in that moment to make a decision I'd feel good about (I have autism, and sudden medical stress like this hits me hard). I may revisit that decision once I've had”

“She’s a 5 year old, gentle girl. We adopted a kitten 2 weeks ago and found out his URI wasn’t resolved yet. So it’s pretty likely she got sick from him as they were not isolated in time (we weren’t advised to). The worry is that she’s lethargic. But she’s eating food occasionally and still drinking water. Mostly seeing clear mucous, some chewing like she’s dealing with post nasal issues. Sluggishness overall and slower to react. Her nose looks troubling as well: https://imgur.com/a/u3JYrUJ This”

“My cat is 3 years old. We did bloodwork and urinalysis since she has large urine clumps. She pees around 4, maybe 5 times in 24 hours. Vet said bloodwork is normal: Creatinine: 1.6 (range: 0.9 - 2.3) SDMA: 8 (range: 0 - 14) BUN: 28 (range: 16-37) Phosphorus: 4.6 (range: 2.9 - 6.3) She had urine specific gravity of 1.040, 1.028 and 1.036 (last one was first morning urine). Vet said the 1.028 was a bit low but was reassured that the latest one was 1.036 and said that we can monitor over next few m”

“(English is not my first language! Pics were edited and translated) Hi everyone. Species: cat Age: 7 years, 5 months Sex: male, neutered Body weight: 6,4 kilos History: normal until a few days ago when he became calmer than usual and started to eat less. Consulted with a vet as soon as I saw those signs Clinical signs: currently no appetite, lethargy, pain (grimace scale signs) Duration: since August 3rd General location: Chile My cat's been in the hospital since last Friday 7th. Au”

“Link to lab results My cat Theo has just turned 7 this week and was unexpectedly found to have kidney values technically within the IRIS Stage 4 range. I’ve attached all of his lab results and would really appreciate help understanding what stands out - particularly anything I should ask the internal-medicine specialist about asap. Theo weighed around 7.13 lbs for most of his adult life and is now 6.13 lbs. Aside from that gradual weight loss, he has always seemed completely healthy: extremely f”

“Hi! My super senior cat Harry is 17 years old and recently had a bit of a scary stint with pancreatitis. He stopped eating and wouldn't let us touch him, so we took him straight to the vet. After a hefty bill, they revealed his pancreatic levels were 50+. They then gave him painkillers and a prescription diet. He's been on the diet for about two months now, and is doing significantly better. He's happy, playing, and letting us pick him up and give him cuddles as usual. We took him ba”

“My 14y female cat has been having urinary issues since this past Wednesday. I noticed yesterday she was going to the litter box far more but her output wasn’t increasing. I took her to the vet today and they are running bloodwork and a urinalysis. They said her urine was pretty concentrated and had a small amount of blood. She urinated right when we got home and it was a decent amount but we are about to go on 12hrs with no urination she did try about 20 mins ago but there were no clumps. At wha”

“Hi everyone, looking for urgent advice on what to do overnight for my 9-month-old Maine Coon kitten, Fettuccine Alfredo ("Alfie"). Background & Timeline: July 29: Alfie and Berry (another cat in the home) were both neutered. August 8–9 (last 24–48 hours): Both cats randomly became severely ill with high fevers. Berry was 105°F, Alfie was 104°F. None of my other household cats are sick. Vaccination/Testing Status: Both cats are up to date on core vaccines (FVRCP including Panleukope”

“my cat (17FS) is experiencing uti like symptoms. She isn’t straining to pee but her pee has a pink/reddish tinge because there’s blood in it. She’s eating and drinking water normally and acting completely fine and active. Her bathroom habits are otherwise normal. can I wait to take her Thursday with my regular vet, or is it an emergency? submitted by /u/Additional_Option_38 [link] [comments]”

“Hi all. I am so so sad and have been waiting for my cat’s vet to get back to me but thought I’d get advice here… 7 year old male pure bred sphynx with history of urinary issues. He also has paroxysmal dyskinesia, which is very mild with infrequent episodes. He has a murmur and so I gave the okay to get some labs. His BNP is >1500 and he also has mild anemia. He is slightly overweight as well. Also badly needs his teeth cleaned. Unfortunately, he has a major vet phobia and fear and needs sedat”

“My moms cat was diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease earlier this year and the vet had recommended fluid intervention but my mom declined originally because she didn't want to traumatize him further because of his fear of the vet and opted for additional wet food and very close monitoring. She also switched him to kidney care food as recommended by the vet. For context, he is around 6 years old and weighs about 7 lbs, down from 11 when he was diagnosed. He looks skin and bones right now, bu”

“My cat is 22 months old, neutered last May, vaxinated. Her creatinine level has been high at least since March - we did the blood test twice, the second time last Sunday (August, 3). It's not above the treshold but is very close. (Reference number is 194, hers is 191, back in March it was 156,5 out of 150). Her HGB is higher than normal, too (175 from 150 in March, 159 from 156 now). Back in March her HCT was 49 out of 47, now it's 43,7 out of 49. I'll add other things if it helps, s”

“Looking for advice or anyone who has experienced something similar. My cat, 5 YOM has had health issues since he was 2. He had urinary blockage with subsequent PU surgery and ever since then he’s had issues with overgrooming and licking hot spots. We’ve tried pretty much every prescription food to help with the licking and multiple medications and he either can’t tolerate them, or has the most rare side effects. We can’t tell if the overgrooming is linked to anxiety or a true skin allergy. He’s”

“I’m looking for opinions on my 1 year old female cat (4.2 kg). She’s under the care of a veterinarian but I’m trying to understand what the possible causes could be and whether anyone has seen a similar case. A couple of weeks ago, she developed a poor appetite. Bloodwork showed a creatinine of 1.92 mg/dL, urea of 45.7 mg/dL (within the laboratory reference range) and phosphorus of 6.6 mg/dL. The rest of her electrolytes were within the reference range. The ultrasound report says: Cortico medull”

“My 7 year old cat was hospitalized 7 weeks ago for 2 nights for pancreatitis and colitis. The pancreatitis has resolved and IBD is suspected. She has been on RC hydrolyzed protein dry food for 6 weeks. After hospitalization, she did 2 weeks on metronidazole and 1 week on tylosin. Prednisolone for the first week out of the hospital and we are finishing another 2 week course of it now. We are trying our third probiotic (animal biome gut maintain). Her folate was high in her bloodwork a couple week”

“My kitten is about 6 months young and she never had any issues or any problems.but I just woke up finding my her very tired , breathing heavily and covered in sweat and poop. She can't move her legs. We don't have great medical services for animals in here and I don't know any doctors or have a way to safely transport her and my family couldn't care less. I have no idea what should I do. I appreciate any advice. submitted by /u/Icy-Translator-5293 [link] [commen”

“I adopted a kitten about a year ago, and when it was time to have her spayed, we discovered several lumps in her mammary glands. At the same time as the spay surgery, my veterinarian recommended a total mastectomy on the right side and sent the tissue from the lumps for a biopsy. The biopsy confirmed that the tumors were malignant (stage 1 carcinoma). My kitten is only 1yo. Although no new lumps or metastases have been detected, the veterinary oncologist recommended a total mastectomy on the lef”

“Hi everyone, I have 4 cats (strays. adopted.) 3 adult cats (all are 3+ years old) and 1 more she's little over a year old that have been strictly indoor-only for the past 2 years. They received their Tricat (FVRCP) and anti-rabies vaccinations in April 2025. Their annual boosters were due in April 2026, but due to unforeseen circumstances, I'm about 3 months overdue. I'm planning to take all three for their vaccinations this week. My question is.. Since they're about 3 months ove”

“Disclaimer: We’ve been to the vet about this and are speaking to our vet. I’m posting here to hear other people’s experiences. On Sunday we noticed our 9-year-old male cat was struggling to pee (nothing coming out at all) so we took him to the vet where he was unblocked. Crystals were found in his urine. He seemed okay after that and yesterday (Monday) evening I saw him taking a really long pee, so I figured everything was fine. Note that we were told to start him on a prescription urinary food”

“my female cat who is about 16 (i’m not sure her breed, she is a short haired cat and weighs about 11 pounds) she was diagnosed with early kidney disease in the beginning of the year and has has hyperthyroidism for a while now. she’s been on a renal diet since being diagnosed and we give her meds for her thyroid.. basically everything was fine yesterday until dinner time (ps, i did notice a chewed up churu foil that’s another thing im worried about) she ate and then threw up some of her food, alo”

“so we have a four month old cat. she started acting sick yesterday, vomiting not eating lethargy. we were given lots of medicine for it so we go home, she was running around right after acting a bit like herseld until the evening she vomited again. next day, she vomited a bit again, not eating, but was drinking lots of water. we went to the vet again and lo n behold she was diagnosed with feline coronavirus and parvo. she's confined now for a day in the vet, and we'll just do our best to”

“i adopted him 5 days ago think hes about 2 yrs old and he started showing signs of sneezing but i thought it was bcz of the environment then he started rejecting food and stopped grooming himself he vet prescribed him injections over 3 days and to syringe feed him an electrolyte solution every 2 hours and keep food away for him for 3 days currently he keeps leaking diarrhea over himself and cant use the bathroom despite him running to it a couple times im really worried about him when do i know”

“Cross posted to r/CATHELP and r/catadvice Hi everyone! My 15 year old neutered boy Charlie has some very complicated conditions that have been under control until the past month. He has been dealing with possible IBD for the past year or so but has started to rapidly lose weight, which makes the vets think it could have progressed to small cell lymphoma (we're not doing a biopsy due to his age and other health concerns). We started chlorambucil roughly 2 weeks ago, and he has continued to lo”